一起直流单极连续3次闭锁故障仿真分析

宁夏电网目前已接入3回直流,其中第1回直流为±660 kV接入,容量为4 GW;第2回直流为±800 kV,容量为8 GW;第3回直流为±800 kV,容量为10 GW,并正式形成了送端直流群。随着特高压直流的接入,宁夏电网发生直流故障的次数逐渐增多。针对第2回直流某次典型单极连续3次闭锁故障,详细介绍了事故发生的过程和故障前后宁夏电网运行方式及系统动态特性的变化情况。利用PSASP程序建立宁夏电网仿真模型,还原了故障前电网运行方式,并仿真再现了故障后的电网动态过程。通过仿真与实测结果的对比,进一步明确了直流故障期间电网特性的变化情况,同时验证了仿真模型的准确性。     

电厂屏式过热器弯头开裂原因失效分析

通过外观检查、硬度、金相等检测方法,从金属管壁超温运行、蒸汽侧氧化行为、析出相及冷弯变形对组织性能影响等方面分析了某电厂1 000 MW超超临界机组屏式过热器弯头开裂原因,得出TP347HFG弯头开裂的主要原因是弯头组织富含较多的σ相、NbC等硬脆析出相,同时冷弯加工导致管子内部产生残余应力,加剧了弯头脆性开裂的倾向。     

Structural regulation of electroplating sludge by a metal–organic framework synthesis method for an enhanced denitrification activity

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Electroplating sludge contained multi-metals and organics. In previous reports, electroplating sludges were usually recycled by direct calcination...     

中国省域森林公园旅游产业竞争力的时空演化特征及影响因素

分析我国各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力演变及其影响因素，有助于为处于不同发展阶段和不同发展水平的省份提供产业竞争力方面的指导。首先构建我国港澳台外31省（市、自治区）森林公园的旅游产业竞争力指标体系，然后计算各省旅游产业竞争力得分并分析其时空演变特征，最后采用分位数回归研究影响森林公园旅游产业竞争力空间差异的主要因素。结果表明：中国森林公园旅游产业平均竞争力值较低，区域差异较大，呈现东部向中西部递减的状态；2004~2014年期间西部各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力进步较小，主要原因是受到“短板效应”的制约，表现为西部各省在产业效益方面与东、中部省份存在较大差距；中国的森林公园存在东北和东南两个高层次旅游产业竞争力集聚中心，并存在逐渐向周边地区扩散，带动周边省份提升发展的趋势；回归表明，国家扶持力度、管理投入、资源禀赋、经济基础、品牌效应和交通便利性会在不同分位点上对各省森林公园旅游产业竞争力产生影响。森林公园旅游产业竞争力在不同分位点上影响因素的差异为有针对性的提高各地区竞争力提供了良好的参考。     

Road traffic injuries among riders of electric bike/electric moped in southern China

Objective: Electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries have become a burgeoning public health problem in China. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence and potential risk factors of electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries among electric bike/moped riders in southern China.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was used to interview 3,151 electric bike/moped riders in southern China. Electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries that occurred from July 2014 to June 2015 were investigated. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews and analyzed between July 2015 and June 2017.

Results: The prevalence of electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries among the investigated riders was 15.99%. Electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries were significantly associated with category of electric bike (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.82), self-reported confusion (AOR = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.13–2.78), history of crashes (AOR = 6.14, 95% CI, 4.68–8.07), running red lights (AOR = 3.57, 95% CI, 2.42–5.25), carrying children while riding (AOR = 1.96, 95% CI, 1.37–2.85), carrying adults while riding (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI, 1.23–2.28), riding in the motor lane (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI, 1.05–3.93), and riding in the wrong traffic direction (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI, 1.13–2.35). In over 77.58% of electric bike/moped-related road traffic crashes, riders were determined by the police to be responsible for the crash. Major crash-causing factors included violating traffic signals or signs, careless riding, speeding, and riding in the wrong lane.

Conclusion: Traffic safety related to electric bikes/moped is becoming more problematic with growing popularity compared with other 2-wheeled vehicles. Programs need to be developed to prevent electric bike/moped-related road traffic injuries in this emerging country.     

吹扫捕集/气相色谱-原子荧光光度法测定土壤和沉积物中烷基汞

本文将原子荧光光谱检测技术与吹扫捕集/气相色谱检测技术联用,结合优化的碱性法消解前处理技术,建立了碱性法消解-吹扫捕集/气相色谱-原子荧光光谱(PT-GC-AFS)联用技术测定土壤和沉积物中烷基汞含量的方法,能够在一次分析中同时获得样品中甲基汞和乙基汞的含量.本文分别用酸性法和碱性法处理了沉积物标准样品ERM-CC580、沉积物实际样品和土壤实际样品,重点比较了本方法提出的碱性法消解和使用率较高的酸性法消解两种前处理方式.采用本方法处理实际样品进行了色谱分离研究,对低浓度的实际土壤样品进行了检出限实验,用3种不同浓度的沉积物和3种不同浓度的土壤样品验证了精密度,对沉积物标准参考物质ERM-CC580进行了测定,并用两种实际土壤样品和两种实际沉积物样品进行了加标回收率试验.实验表明,碱性法消解精密度和准确度优于酸性法消解,且步骤少、耗时短,使用的试剂种类少、毒性小,方法稳定性高、可操作性强,适用于分析测试实验室大量土壤/沉积物样品的烷基汞测定.采用碱性法消解土壤/沉积物样品,目标物实现完全分离,甲基汞、乙基汞的线性相关系数分别为0.9999、1.0000,最低检出限分别为0.02μg·kg~(-1)、0.10μg·kg~(-1)(取样量为0.50 g),样品分析甲基汞、乙基汞的RSD范围分别为1.0%—4.7%、2.5%—6.0%,加标回收率范围分别为85.1%—109%、90.3%—96.3%.     

Evaluating provincial eco-efficiency in China: an improved network data envelopment analysis model with undesirable output

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, an improved matrix-type network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) model with undesirable output was developed to evaluate the...     

N2 fixation in urbanization area rivers: spatial-temporal variations and influencing factors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - While nitrogen (N2) fixation is an important process in nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycling, supplying a significant portion of the N in natural...     

基于奖励与惩罚相结合检验理念的电梯维保单位的选择--电梯安全管理有关问题思考

本文讨论了通过建立奖励与惩罚相结合的检验理念,采取全面检验与重点检验相结合的检验方式,使选择优质维保单位的电梯使用单位可支付更少的电梯检验费,而选择劣质维保单位的电梯使用单位则须支付更多的电梯检验费,从而促使电梯使用单位自觉选择优质维保单位.希望通过这种方式能够呈现择优汰劣的电梯维保市场,保证电梯的维保质量和安全质量.     

土壤及地下水有机污染的化学与生物修复

现阶段,工业的生产任务越来越繁重,因此在其进行生产的时候,制造的污染物也会越来越多。在这个对于环保极度关注的时代,本文对于被污染的土壤还有地下水实施修复展开讨论。